1. General Safety Requirements for Crane Operators
a. The command signals should be clear and in accordance with regulations;
b. When hanging, the angle between the hanging ropes should be less than 120 degrees to avoid excessive force on the hanging ropes;
c. The edges and corners where ropes and chains pass through should be padded;
d. When flipping objects, the center of gravity should be smoothly changed to avoid actions beyond the intended command;
e. When entering the area below the suspended load, contact the driver first and set up a direct support device;
f. When multiple people are binding, one person should be responsible for commanding.
2. Safety Inspection and Inspection Cycle Requirements
(1) The following situations require inspection in accordance with relevant standards:
a. For normal operating cranes, conduct an inspection every two years;
b. For cranes that have undergone major repairs, new installations, or renovations, conduct an inspection before they are put into use;
c. For cranes that have been idle for more than one year, conduct an inspection before they are used again;
d. For cranes that have been damaged by storms, earthquakes, or major accidents, which may affect the strength, stiffness, stability of components, and importance of the mechanism, etc.
(2) For heavy work and harsh environments, the regular inspection cycle should be no less than once per month, and the regular inspection cycle should be no less than once per year.
2. Safety Technical Requirements for Cranes
(1) When the driver operates, the following requirements should be followed:
a. Do not use the limit position stopper to stop;
b. Do not adjust the lifting and slewing mechanisms' brakes while there is a load;
c. Do not pass through people's upper air when lifting, and do not have anyone under the crane boom;
d. Do not conduct inspections and maintenance while the crane is working;
e. Before lifting, check the brakes and use a small height and short stroke to lift before lifting smoothly;
f. For cranes without a lowering limit stopper, when the hook is at the lowest working position, the number of safety turns of the wire rope on the drum must be maintained as specified in the design;
g. During operation, the minimum distance between the crane arm, lifting accessories, steel wire ropes, guy ropes, and heavy objects and power lines should not be less than the provisions in Table 2;
h. For mobile cranes, before working, follow the requirements in the manual to level the parking area and firmly and reliably set up the legs;
i. For cranes without reverse braking performance, do not use reversing to brake except in special emergency situations.
(2) The driver should not operate under the following circumstances:
a. Overloading or the weight of the object is unknown, such as lifting objects with unclear lifting capacity or pulling force, and slanting lifting and slanting hanging;
b. There are defects or damages to the structure or components that affect safety, such as malfunction of the brake safety device, damage to the anti-loosening device of the hook nut, and damage to the steel wire rope reaching the standard;
c. The binding is not firm or unbalanced and may slide, and there is no padding between the sharp edges of the heavy object and the steel wire rope;
d. There are people or floating objects on the lifted object;
e. The working site is dim, and it is impossible to see the site, the lifted object, and the command signals clearly.
(3) When two or more cranes lift the same load, the steel wire ropes should be kept vertical, the lifting and running of each crane should be kept synchronized, and the load of each crane should not exceed its rated lifting capacity. If the above requirements are not met, the rated lifting capacity should be reduced to 80%; or the total engineer can determine the lifting capacity based on the actual situation. During lifting, the total engineer should be present to guide.
(4) For cranes with two sets of lifting mechanisms, the main and auxiliary hooks should not operate simultaneously, except for special-purpose cranes that are allowed to operate simultaneously as per the design.
